12/8/2023 0 Comments Words with scribe or script![]() ![]() Most often tildes stand in for missing (particularly a doubled) m or n, as in mãne, sûme, or begîn(e) in this usage, it is important to remember, too, that many scribes continued to use tildes in such instances through force of habit, and the supplying of a letter may often not make sense in a local context, or will turn out to be inconsistent with the way the same scribe spells the same word in other contexts (a tilde over the word cõme, for example, often will not require expansion). Tildes, generally implying omitted letters, as in the suspended form occasiõ for 'occasion'. A common graph in theological manuscripts is majuscule X (really Greek chi) for 'Christ-' in such words as 'Christian' or 'Christianity' (this is, of course, the ancestor of modern ad-speak, 'Xmas'). Another fairly common graph is the 'sur' abbreviation, which resembles German scharfes s, ß this usually appears in initial position and can represent 'sur', 'ser', 'sir', 'sar', or even 'sor'. The most important of such forms is the terminal -es graph, which generally indicates the plural ending 'es', but which can also, depending on the scribe's orthographical preferences, call for 'is', 'ys', or even just 's' (in later usage, for example, you may see an -es graph attached to a word already ending in e, such as 'house' in this case, it would of course be ridiculous to transcribe the word as 'housees'). ![]() There are many others, which to some degree may depend on the idiosyncrasies of the scribe make sure that, wherever possible, your expansions are consistent with the scribe's own orthographical habits (such as expanding yo r as 'yowr' when the scribe prefers vocalic w to u).īrevigraphs, such as '&' (or other characters meaning the same) for and or Latin et (as in '&c.' for etc.). Other common contractions of this type include y r for 'your' or 'yowr' S r for 'Sir' and M r for 'Master' w t or w th for 'with' (and w thout for 'without') ma ty for 'maiesty' or ma ties for 'maiesties' and words ending in -m t for '-ment', such as gouernem t for 'gouernement' or parliam t for 'parliament'. Superscript characters, often a form of contraction which may imply preceding omitted characters, as in w ch for 'which'. The most important of these common practices are discussed below. In addition to these ancient methods, early modern scribes used a host of special marks to make writing more efficient, and as tools facilitating right-justification of text. can't for 'cannot' or Dr for 'Doctor') and suspension, the omission of terminal letters (e.g. The two standard methods of abbreviation are contraction, the omission of medial letters (e.g. The Suggested Conventions, in particular, should prove abidingly useful. The beginner will want to take in as much as possible at a first reading, and then return to this guide again after some experience with manuscripts. It is divided into a number of sections: (i) Contraction and Abbreviation, (ii) Different Scripts, (iii) Letter Forms to Look Out For, (iv) Punctuation Marks to Look Out For, (v) Advice on Conventions, and (vi) Suggested Conventions. Our discussion below is in parts necessarily fairly technical, and will likely require application and regular resort before it can be properly digested. The conventions given here are guidelines in many cases there is a choice. A transcription is not an edition its aim is to record the appearance of the text in the manuscript. Unless you never work without a computer you should develop a set of conventions which work both within a word processor and in your own handwriting. An online course Basic Conventions for TranscriptionĬonventions of presentation are required to enable you accurately to represent a manuscript text, either for your own record, or when you quote from a manuscript source in scholarly work.
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